This is part of the labels / documentation for <a href='http://jcm.chooseclimate.org'>Java Climate Model</a><hr/>

#heatflux		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§old page, £> @udebclimod

#glotempplot		¨oldJCM4		§£>glotempcurves

#tempav		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§Global Annual Average Temperature, calculated by the model, compared to the chosen @baseyear

#tempproxy		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§Proxy data from tree rings, corals, sediments, from 1750-1990 (from Mann et al, see @dataref)

#tempdata		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§Measured thermometer data from 1860-2001(compiled by Jones et al, CRU, see @dataref)

#temptrend		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§Trend (7 year moving average) of either the measured data, or the proxy data for earlier years. This removes some of the natural variability, making it easier to compare with the model calculation.

#tempnl		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§NL responds most rapidly to radiative forcing, but also has most of the cooling from sulphate aerosols.

#tempno		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§somewhere between NL and SO

#tempsl		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§There is less land  in southern hemisphere, so its is more affected by  ocean inertia, but there are also less cooling aerosols

#tempso		¨oldJCM4 addJCM5		§The slowest to warm, due to the large heat capacity.

#climsens		¨oldJCM4		§This parameter is defined as the global average temperature rise caused by a doubling of CO2 concentration. The sensitivity takes into account the fast, physical feedback processes in the climate system, such as changes in water vapour, clouds, and snow albedo.

This parameter, derived from GCM (see @gcmfit) and/or  paleoclimatic analsyes, and is one of the most important uncertain parameters for simple, integrated assessment and intermediate complexity climate models.

#lotr		¨oldJCM4		§This parameter defines the ratio of warming of land compared to ocean at <i>equilibrium</i>. It is used, together with the @climsens, to calculate the internal model parameters which determine the heat fluxes to space.
(see also @box_temperature)

#kns		¨oldJCM4		§Determines the rate of heat transfer between northern and southern surface boxes
This has little effect on the global average temperature, but a notable effect on @box_temperature

#klo		¨oldJCM4		§Determines the rate of heat transfer between land and sea boxes
This has little effect on the global average temperature, but a notable effect on @box_temperature

#baseyear		¨oldJCM4		§Temperature <i>change</i> is relative to temperature in a certain year. This parameter affects the plotted @glotempcurves curves, and also the @stabtemp level. It does **not** affect the underlying temperatures in @udebclimod (which are  always relative to the starting year 1750) or the  temperatures on the @regclimap (which are always relative to 1961-90).
¤cogs  For the measured/proxy data, the baseline is averaged over five years (chosen year 2) to smooth odd peaks. 

  ¤adju It is recommended to set the baseline to 1900, for understanding the effect of science model parameters, and to 1990 for comparison with IPCC predictions.

#climodmenu		¨oldJCM4		§This menu affects a set of parameters of the @udebclimod module, based on the table in IPCCTAR WG1apx9.1
More information about the specific GCMs is available on the website of IPCC-DDC
 See @gcmfit  for further  explanation.

#oceantempplot		¨oldJCM4		§£>oceantempcurves

#psi		¨oldJCM4		§The cold water which sinks around Greenland and Antarctica has a major influence on the deep ocean temperature. Since most of this cold salty water is formed near freezing ice, its temperature is always close to zero. This parameter determines the warming of this water, as a fraction of the warming of surface water elsewhere.
See @oceantempcurves

#teddydiff		¨oldJCM4		§This parameter affects the flux of heat from the surface to the deep ocean. Increasing this will cool the surface slightly, but warm the deep ocean, and consequently increase the sea-level rise due to thermal expansion.
(see @oceantempcurves)

#tmixlay		¨oldJCM4		§Depth of the well-mixed surface ocean layer, above the thermocline.

#seaice		¨oldJCM4		§Introduces a difference between air and water temperatures in high latitudes, supposedly due to insulation by sea-ice

#tufbopt		¨oldJCM4		§When this option is selected, the rate of sinking of cold polar water (see @psi) may decrease as the surface temperature rises, due to stratification of the water column which weakens the thermohaline circulation.
See @oceantempcurves

#tnoupwell		¨oldJCM4		§see @tufbopt

#uwbaserate		¨oldJCM4		§see @tufbopt

#uwredfrac		¨oldJCM4		§see @tufbopt

#udebmodel		¨oldJCM4		§This is an efficient java implementation of the Wigley/Raper Upwelling-Diffusion Energy Balance (UDEB) model which was used to make many of the the smooth-curve plots in the IPCC-TAR WG1. Parameters are tuned to fit seven different GCM predictions, as described in IPCCTAR-WG1-Appx 9.1. The system of heat fluxes is resolved using an @eigenvec.

  ---- ===Features of the UDEB model===  
<ul><li>Four surface boxes: north & south, land & ocean  
 <li>In each box, the "lambda" values for calculating heat flux to space are derived from the prescribed equilibrium @climsens and @lotr parameters.   
<li>Surface fluxes depend on @klo and @kns conductivities (these are fairly arbitrary, but have little impact on the global average temperature)  
 <li>Radiative forcing of aerosols and short-lived gases is unevenly distributed between boxes (e.g. most of the sulphate aerosol cooling is in the north-land box)   <li>Two 1-D Upwelling-Diffusion Oceans (north and south), connected only at surface:  
<li>Fixed @teddydiff between layers (unlike carbon model).   
<li>A high latitude downwelling "pipe" (rather than a separate box), for whose water temperature is a fixed fraction of the average temperature (@psi parameter).   
<li>A @seaice parameter adjusts the water/air temperature ratio.   
<li>The lag of the surface ocean warming also depends on the @tmixlay   
<li>The rate of this downwelling/upwelling is reduced with temperature to account for changing thermohaline circulation (@tufbopt, @tnoupwell, @uwbaserate, @uwredfrac parameters).

</ul> See also:<ul>
<li>Raper et al 2001 and references therein (@references),
<li>IPCCTAR-WG1-Appx 9.1., IPCC technical paper (1997) describing an earlier version of this model.
<li>@compareipcc, 
</ul>

#climodfuture		¨fut		§The @gcmfit will soon be updated to be consistent with the new set of GCM results provided in IPCC-AR4. This will include a wider range of models, and also a slightly higher average @climsens.

After that, the next step might be to investigate the possibility to develop an interactive java version of intermediate complexity models. 
(e.g. the simplest of these is the Bern zonally averaged model with the 2.5D Ocean.)

#rftemp		¨oldJCM4		§You can see how well the climate model predictions match the historical data, as you adjust the balance of radiative forcing from greenhouse gases, sulphate aerosols, and solar variability, which have different patterns over time (see @allrf_detail)

The surface temperature follows changes in radiative forcing fairly rapidly, with some delay due to exchange of heat with the deeper ocean. Note that short spikes in forcing (e.g. from volcanos) affect the land temperatures more than the ocean. The deep ocean, and hence sea-level rise, responds much more slowly. See also @inertia

In the @box_temperature plot, you can also observe that some forcings are distributed unevenly between the four surface boxes (expert level). For example, most of the sulphate is in the northen land box.

#gcmfit		¨oldJCM4		§The credibility of a simple climate model depends on fitting the parameters to predictions from more sophisticated global climate models (GCMs). In IPCC-TAR seven GCMs were used for this purpose. This parameter fitting was carried out by Sarah Raper et al as described in IPCC-TAR WG1 Appx9.1 See @references, @compareipcc.
 
¤adju If you select the "expert" @complexity, you can see all the parameters of the @udebclimod changing together, as you choose different GCMs from @climodmenu. 

¤adju You can also adjust these parameters individually, to understand the mechanics of the model. Note the effect on  @glotempcurves, @box_temperature, and @oceantempcurves